Ulysses S. Grant Essays (1125 words) - , Term Papers

Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant was an American general and 18th president of the U.S. Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, on April 27, 1822, the son of Hannah Simpson and Jesse Grant, the owner of a tannery. Taken to nearby Georgetown at the age of one, he was educated in local and boarding schools. In 1839, under the name of Ulysses Simpson instead of his original Hiram Ulysses, he was appointed to West Point. Graduating 21st in a class of 39 in 1843, he was assigned to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. There he met Julia Dent, a local planter's daughter, whom he married after the Mexican War. During the Mexican War, Grant served under both General Zachary Taylor and General Winfield Scott and distinguished himself, particularly at Molina del Rey and Chapultepec. After his return and tours of duty in the North, he was sent to the Far West. In 1854, while stationed at Fort Humboldt, California, ?Grant resigned his commission because of loneliness and drinking problems, and in the following years he engaged in generally unsuccessful farming and business ventures in Missouri.?(Grant Moves South, 18) He moved to Galena, Illinois, in 1860, where he became a clerk in his father's leather store. At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Grant was appointed colonel, and soon afterward brigadier general, of the Illinois Volunteers, and in September 1861 he seized Paducah, Kentucky. After an indecisive raid on Belmont, Missouri, he gained fame when in February 1862, in conjunction with the navy; he succeeded in reducing Forts Henry and Donelson, Tennessee, forcing General Simon B. Buckner to accept unconditional surrender. The Confederates surprised Grant at Shiloh, but he held his ground and then moved on to Corinth. In 1863 he established his reputation as a strategist in the brilliant campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, which took place on July 4. After being appointed commander in the West, he defeated Braxton Bragg at Chattanooga. Grant's victories made him so prominent that he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general and in February 1864 was given command of all Union armies. Grant's following campaigns revealed his determination to apply merciless pressure against the Confederacy by coordinating the Union armies and exploiting the economic strength of the North. While Grant accompanied the Army of the Potomac in its overland assault on Richmond, Virginia, General Benjamin F. Butler was to attack the city by water, General William T. Sherman to move into Georgia, and General Franz Sigel to clear the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Despite the failure of Butler and Sigel and heavy losses at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor, Grant continued to press the drive against General Robert E. Lee's army. After Sherman's success in Georgia and the conquest of the Shenandoah Valley by General Philip H. Sheridan, Grant forced Lee to abandon Petersburg and Richmond and to surrender at Appomattox Court House on April 9. As commander of the army, Grant soon became trapped in the struggles between President Andrew Johnson and Congress. Because of the president's clear Pro-Southern tendencies, the general gradually moved closer to the radicals and cooperated with Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton in carrying out the congressional Reconstruction plan for the South. Grant accepted appointment as secretary ad interim after Johnson's dismissal of Stanton, but clashed violently with the president when the Senate ordered Stanton reinstated. Then, as the country's best-known military leader, he became the Republican candidate for president in 1868 and defeated his Democratic rival, Horatio Seymour. Grant's military experience ill prepared him for his new duties. Faced with major problems of Reconstruction, civil service reform, and economic adjustment, he did not know how to choose proper advisers or to avoid the pitfalls of an age of corruption. Encouraged by the final restoration of all the Southern states to the Union, he honestly tried to carry out congressional Reconstruction, but in the long run was unable to sustain it. Irregularly trying to protect the rights of the freed slaves, he repeatedly intervened but could not prevent the reappearance of white supremacists in all but a few Southern states. Other problems were equally troublesome. In 1871 Grant appointed a civil service commission headed by

When Is the April ACT Should You Take It

When Is the April ACT Should You Take It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're planning to take the ACT in the spring, you might be wondering: should you take the April ACT? Or will you be better off taking the ACT on a different test date? In this article, we cover everything you need to know about the April ACT, including when the exam is, whether your scores will get to your schools in time, and the pros and cons of taking the ACT in April. When Is the April ACT? The April ACT generally takes place on the second Saturday of the month. Below are the April ACT dates and deadlines for 2020, 2021, and 2022. The 2020 dates have all been confirmed by ACT, Inc., whereas the others are projections based on historical data: Test Date Registration Deadline Late Registration Deadline / Deadline for Changes Standby Request Deadline April 4, 2020 February 28, 2020 March 13, 2020 March 27, 2020 April 3, 2021 February 26, 2021 March 12, 2021 April 2, 2021 April 2, 2022 February 25, 2022 March 11, 2022 April 1, 2022 Source: ACT.org The ACT registration fees are $67 with the Writing section and $50.50 without the Writing section. The April ACT is offered in the US, US territories, and Canada, as well as internationally. Most students register for the April ACT by the normal registration deadline. If you register during the late registration period, you must pay an additional late registration fee of $30. If you miss both registration deadlines, you might still be able to take the ACT in April- as long as you sign up for standby testing by the standby deadline (which is normally eight days before the test date). Students on standby are admitted on a first-come, first-served basis. To request standby, you must pay both the regular registration fee and a $53 standby fee. (However, both of these fees will be refunded to you if you are denied admission on test day.) Once the standby deadline has passed, there is no way to take the April ACT, and you will have to select a different ACT test date. When Will April ACT Scores Be Released? Each year, April ACT scores are released to test takers online starting 10 days after test day and may continue to be released until as late as June. These dates are only for the multiple-choice scores and do not include your Writing score (which is separate from your composite score out of 36 points). If you opt for the essay, expect to receive your essay score approximately two weeks after your multiple-choice and composite ACT scores. Most test takers will receive their April ACT scores within two weeks after the test date. If your scores take longer to process, the delay might be due to potential problems such as testing irregularities, incorrect identification information, or outstanding registration fees. As for your colleges, when schools receive April ACT scores can vary significantly. ACT, Inc. will send your ACT scores to the colleges you chose during registration as soon as your official scores are released online, which usually happens in late April. However, some colleges don't process scores right away or as often as other schools do, so be sure to give your schools ample time to process your scores long before any of your college applications are due. For those who are taking the April ACT with Writing, your ACT scores will not be reported or sent to colleges until the essay has been graded as well. This means that most test takers will have to wait around a minimum of four weeks (two weeks for the multiple-choice scores and two extra weeks for the Writing score) until their official ACT scores are reported online and sent to their designated schools. Will Your April ACT Scores Get to Your Schools in Time? In a word, yes! Official ACT scores are reported online (and sent to your schools) usually by mid- to late April. Assuming you are taking the ACT your junior year of high school and have not yet finished your college applications, these scores should have ample time to get to your schools before any deadlines. The bulk of college application deadlines in the US are anywhere from mid-autumn to early winter, and this applies to early action/early decision deadlines, too. Worst case scenario, even if your April ACT scores aren't released until June and your colleges take one month to process your scores, you should still have more than enough time before any of your applications are due! Pros and Cons of Taking the April ACT Struggling to decide whether to take the April ACT? No matter what year you're thinking of taking it, here are some of the pros and cons to consider before you make your decision. Pros of Taking the April ACT Your scores are guaranteed to arrive to your schools in time- even for early action or early decision plans. As I mentioned above, the vast majority of April ACT scores should be reported within two weeks after the test date and by June at the latest. Luckily, all these time frames leave you with plenty of time to get your ACT scores to your colleges well before even the earliest of autumn deadlines. You can get the ACT out of the way before starting your college applications. If you take the April ACT as a junior (or even as a sophomore) and do well on it- meaning you don't need to retake it as a 12th grader- you'll have the entire summer and first semester of your senior year to focus entirely on college applications. You'll have at least one final shot to get the scores you want in the fall of your senior year. We normally recommend that students take the ACT two to three times in total: first in the fall of your junior year, second in the spring of your junior year, and third (if necessary) in the fall of your senior year. By taking the April ACT, even if your scores aren't where you want them to be, you'll have the entire summer and first semester of your senior year to study and prep for the September or October ACT. Cons of Taking the April ACT You'll have to study primarily during the school year. In order to do well on the April ACT, you'll have to study for the exam in the months leading up to it- that is, for most of your spring semester your junior (or sophomore) year. But this can be difficult to do, especially if you're also trying to study for AP exams (which are in May) and finals. If you think you'll get easily overwhelmed, or you're expecting to have tons of activities going on spring semester, consider taking the ACT on a different date. You might need to study during your spring break. Those planning to take the April ACT will likely have to spend the bulk of their spring breaks preparing for the exam (unless your spring break is after the test- if so, lucky you!). Although you don't need to dedicate your entire spring break to ACT prep, it's advisable that you spend as much time as you can studying, particularly if your break is right around test day. Sadly, this means you might not be able to enjoy your "time off" as much as you'd like to! Key Takeaways: Taking the ACT in April The next April ACT date will be on Saturday, April 4, 2020. Regardless of whether you're reading this guide before the April test date or way after it, you can still use this information to plan ahead and prepare for the next April ACT. April ACT scores are typically released starting 10 days after the test date. (If you registered for the Writing section, you'll get your essay score about two weeks after you get your multiple-choice and composite ACT scores.) Assuming you take the April ACT in your junior or sophomore year, your scores should have plenty of time to get to colleges prior to application deadlines. Before registering for the ACT in April, take time to consider whether you're OK with spending most of your spring semester and spring break preparing for the exam. If not, a different date might be a better option for you! What's Next? Need help deciding when to take the ACT? Learn when you should take the ACT for the first time, and get expert tips on how to find the best test date for you. For more information on when you can take the ACT, check out our detailed guide to this year's and future ACT test dates. Ready to ace the ACT? Then you'll love our 15 ACT tips and tricks guaranteed to improve your score. And don't forget about our comprehensive guide to getting a perfect ACT score- written by a 36 full scorer! Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Effects of bronchitis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effects of bronchitis - Term Paper Example However, exacerbations of bronchitis are more common with the main pathogen being bacteria. The acute exacerbations are also severe in patients with chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis affects 15percent to 25 percent of the adults and most of them suffer from acute exacerbations (Schlossberg 197). Chronic bronchitis is included in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Chronic bronchitis is described as â€Å"the presence of a chronic productive cough for more than half of the time over two years† (Rubin and Strayer 564). Major causes of chronic bronchitis include smoking in adults and cystic fibrosis (Goljan 303). Pathological aspects or physiological abnormalities which predispose an individual to bronchitis include bronchial obstruction by abnormal secretions, mucociliary clearnance impairment, bronchial constriction and impaired host defenses (Schlossberg 197). Bronchitis leads to a plethora of manifestations and if not managed promptly can lead to serious conse quences. Chronic bronchitis is caused by hypersecretion of submucosal mucous secreting glands in the trachea and bronchi. This leads to sputum overproduction in chronic bronchitis. In many cases, as mentioned before, neutrophils or acute inflammation is seen superimposed on chronic inflammation. Chronic bronchitis leads to mucus plugs in the respiratory tract lumen hence causing respiratory tract obstruction. This blocks the release of carbon dioxide from the respiratory tract through expiration, hence the arterial PaCO2 will be greater than 45 mmHg in such patients. Chronic bronchitis also leads to goblet cell metaplasia and hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands. Patients suffer from dyspnea late in the disease and also exhibit cyanosi of mucous membranes and skin. This is due to poor oxygen saturation caused by hypoxemia. Thus, these patients are also called â€Å"blue bloaters†. The chronic inflammation and fibrosis

Nursing Home Abuse and Neglect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Nursing Home Abuse and Neglect - Essay Example The most favored solution is the implementation of legislation that requires a combination of safeguards be put into place. These safeguards would include mandating screening of patients on a more frequent basis, an ombudsman program, and required training for all staff that includes consequences if caught being abusive or neglectful. The time from reporting abuse to the investigation of abuse by should be reduced from the standard of ten days to a standard of within 24 hours. According to Dr. Terry Fulmer of New York University (Journal of American Geriatrics Society, Feb 2004) elder mistreatment is "the intentional actions that cause harm, or create a serious risk of harm, to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or other person who stands in a trust relationship to the elder". Such mistreatment of elders in nursing homes is a significant problem in this country. Gone are the days when families quite naturally took on the responsibility of caring for the elderly. Most elderly in the country, who cannot care for themselves, are sent to nursing homes. Reports from across the country tell horrifying stories of those abused or neglected. In New Orleans, Louisiana a nursing home employee aged 19 raped a 92 year old woman (New Orleans City Business, 2004). Another nursing home resident had her leg amputated because of bedsores. ...An elderly man lost his testicles because of botched attempts to insert a catheter (New Orleans City Business, 2004). In her guest editorial to Nursing Homes Magazine (March 2005) Gloria Schramm tells the sad story of how her uncle was treated while he was in a nursing home. She recalls how he was miserable, had fallen from his chair because he was not properly restrained, and was unassisted at mealtimes when family was not there to assist him. She recalled how he waited long periods of time for simple things such as a drink of water, a diaper change, or help with repositioning himself in bed. The daily visits from family were critical to his recovery as the level of care he received otherwise was lacking. III. Background: Nursing homes were not always the answer in this country. Prior to World War II the poor and destitute elderly were sent to almshouses, or poor farms, which were known for their poor conditions and inadequate care. Some cities took responsibility for their poor and built, or renamed existing homes, to reflect the change in level of care. "In New York City, in 1903, the Charity Board renamed its public almshouse the Home for the Aged and Infirm. The city of Charleston followed suit in 1913, transforming their almshouse into the Charleston Home." (Haber, 2007) After World War II legislation was put into place that somewhat funded nursing homes and nursing homes were built to act as long term care hospitals. Because of concern for those elderly in need women's groups and religious groups established old age homes for the elderly. "As the founder of Boston's Home for Aged Women (1850), explained-a haven for those who were "bone of our bone, and flesh of our flesh" (Haber and Gratton, p. 130).

Lieutenant Calley Essay Example for Free

Lieutenant Calley Essay There is a big difference between known facts and the reality especially when it comes to military matters. There is a definite chain of command in place and in most cases soldiers do not do their own bidding but have to obey orders from above. The case of Lieutenant William Calley in the My Lai Massacre is one of the cases that expose the kind of leadership that we have in our military which comes at the backdrop of many public outcry against such cowboy actions. To many civilians, this is seen as a frame where someone has to take the fall and this person is usually down in the chain of command. The interesting thing is that in these cases, there is no evidences to prove who actually gives command for execution of orders that are detrimental to human rights. Lieutenant Calley was an average person in education and military service and therefore there was nothing extra ordinary about him. Many of the fellow soldiers in his troop seemed to distance themselves from him since the media had found a perfect example to portray what was happening in Vietnam (Collins Williams, 2000). What he did was ethically and morally wrong but he alleges that a command had come from above and he was simply following orders from above (Allyne 2000). His character here comes out as someone who follows orders and is obedient although we cannot rule out the opposite. The in Vietnam was very unpopular and not many people supported it and looking at issue from sides, the case and evidence was going against the lieutenant. Soldiers are known to be people of high integrity and who regard morality highly and therefore there must have been other compelling external factors that caused him to call for the massacre. Family and friends had a different opinion on his character and mental sanity. They regarded him as an average boy who was incapable of committing the atrocities in Vietnam. Looking at his background, there was a lot that was happening and some of it might be evidence enough to suggest that it clouded and interfered with his actions. Calley’s parents were not doing well health wise with both of them suffering from diseases that are associated with old ages. diagnosed with a terminal form of cancer and his father suffered from health complications due to diabetes. Human psychology is very complex and the way people react to situations differently and the happenings at home might have led to mental instability. The environment in the war front exerts a lot of pressure on soldiers and added pressure from home or other external source is enough to reduce the credence of anyone in a position of leadership. Members of the public with knowledge of the case continue to have a negative a view of Lt. William Calley considering his role in My Lai massacre in Vietnam. The public’s feeling toward Lt. Calley is further influenced by the media coverage of his case since 1970s, especially considering that prosecution of the case was accusing of acting on the influence of senior decision makers in the military. The increase in the amount of information available to the public is aiding in the shift of public perception in favor of Calley. Indeed, the American people are coming to the understanding that yes, Calley was deeply involved in My Lai massacre, but he was not alone; those at their higher levels of the military’s decision making brogans who were never prosecuted. Despite the increase in the information available to the public, Calley is still regarded as a blood stained master minder of the massacre. This perception will only change if Calley himself tells the public of the My Lai story. As for the prosecutor, Lt. Calley was simply guilty. To critics, this form of incriminating stance was adopted by the prosecutor, based on the accounts which were issued to him by the Senior Army Personnel who were in control at the moment. To this effect, that Lt. Calley ordered the massacre in M y Lai is taken as the premise of the case, rather than the need to examine the chain of command under which Lt. Calley was acting and issuing orders. Many of soldiers that were in war at the time in Vietnam concur that the case of the massacre was not an isolated case but may have been one of the many happenings that are alleged to have taken place around that time. The situation on ground in a war zone is usually different from an ideal situation and therefore civilians are the worse people to judge military personnel. The happenings back at home might have interfered with his thinking which supports that he was acting on his own and not orders from above. It is therefore not easy to determine the basis upon which he used to instigate the massacre. References Allyne, W. (2002). A Look at the Vietnam Court Cases New York: McGraw Hill. Collins, P. and William, A. (2000). Lt. Calley’s Court Cases. New York: Prentice Hall. Trevino, Linda Nelson, K. (2007). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (4e). New York: Wiley and Sons.

The Identities of Joseph and Esther from the Old Testament Essay

The Identities of Joseph and Esther from the Old Testament The Bible is full of common themes, yet there one prominent underlying thread that runs constant throughout is that in order to be influential, people are placed in positions where they are able to assimilate to the common culture, but are still set apart from other ordinary people. Assimilation is defined as the process where a group adopts the customs of the prevailing culture, whereas consecration refers to someone who is set apart as sacred. Due to the apparently conflicting definitions, it seems as though the two cannot coexist with one another. In fact, they even appear to be paradoxical, however, both ingredients are necessary in order for people to influence the lives of many more. Conformity in culture and divine consecration are in reality exclusively dependent on each other for a person to be influential and this is displayed by two prime examples of the Old Testament: Joseph and Esther. After Joseph is sold into slavery in Egypt and is introduced to its culture, he loses his Jewish identity and becomes completely transformed from a measly shepherd boy to an Egyptian official. When Joseph interprets Pharaoh’s dream, the Pharaoh is pleased with him and Joseph is given a new name: â€Å"Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-paneah; and he gave him Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, as his wife. Thus Joseph gained authority over the land of Egypt† (Genesis 41.45). The fact that he is given a new forename has much significance because it implies his life’s specific calling. The people are given new names in the Bible because in this way, God reveals his intended purpose for their lives. Prior to the story of Joseph, this same alteration of nam... ...s, Esther’s destiny is disclosed by the words of her relative. The unique identity that both Joseph and Esther have is that they live amongst society, yet are not of it due to their given destiny. There were living contradictions that God chooses to use in a significant way. This principle that they lived out is so important, that it is even echoed in the New Testament with the teachings of Jesus. Centuries following the life of Joseph and Esther, this principle continues to resonate as Jesus commands: â€Å"Do not be conformed to this world†¦ (Romans 12:2). You do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you out of the world† (John 15.19). Demonstrating these commands in their lives, it is unmistakable that Joseph and Esther would not have been the influential people that they became, if they had failed to possess either of the two qualities mentioned.

Functionalism

Functionalism is the doctrine that what makes something a mental state of a certain type depends on the way it functions, or the role it plays and not on its internal structure. Simply put, functionalism gives utmost importance to the function or role a mental state plays. They also give prime importance to causal relations because according to the follower of this doctrine any form of mental state is â€Å"†¦determined by its causal relations to sensory stimulations, other mental states and behaviors.† (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries). Let me take â€Å"pain† as an example. For the functionalist, pain is a mental state which arose because of a damage of some kind or because something is wrong with the body. For them, the only beings that could possibly experience pain are those who qualified to meet the condition stated above. However, the functionalists did not claim that there are only limited states of affair on which pain can be experienced. For them, various creatures may experience pain through different kinds of physical or mental states and thus the term multiple realizations came into context. Having defined what functionalism is, let me now move on to another important aspect of this paper-dualism. Dualism came from the Latin word dualis which means two. It is the belief that in everything in this world two important concept, which usually oppose each other exist. Just as there is a night then there must be a day. When there is good, there is evil. Such is the basis on which dualism is grounded.   In the philosophy of mind dualism aims to show the great difference there is between mind and matter. There are many differing points of view between the dualists themselves but they stood on the common ground that mind and matter are indeed distinct objects. According to the dualistic point of view where mind is made up of non-physical substance, our body is made-up of physical ones commonly known as matter. The mind and body dualism can be deduced as substance dualism which argues that mind and body are made-up of entirely distinct substances, and by property dualism which asserts that the mind and body may not be made-up of distinct substances but still, they are distinct and thus we cannot reduce one from the other. Now, how does functionalism differ from dualism? Functionalism is different from dualism because functionalism does not adhere to the idea of interactionism unlike that of dualism. Most believer of substance dualism argues for the sake of interactionism or the belief that mind and body, though distinct from each other, are still capable of causally affecting each other. Believers of the identity theory believe that there are at least some kinds of mental states which are completely identical to those of brain states. One known proponent of this theory is David Armstrong who proposed that â€Å"all mental states are identical with physical states†. This theory argues that the mind is indistinguishable from the brain. Due to their approach and beliefs regarding the mind they received numerous objections among which include the argument from multiple realizability. Believers of multiple realizability argues that mental events differ considerably from one organism to another and thus the idea that certain mental events are the same most of the timeis kind of preposterous. Thus functionalism and identity theory is very different from each other. Functionalism is considered to be more superior to other theories of mind such as dualism and the identity theory. Now, what brought about this superiority? Functionalism argues that everything is physical. The functionalists, unlike the other theories of the mind can do away without knowing how the brain came about its consciousness. The functionalists are satisfied to simply say that the function of our brain is to be conscious or consciousness. They do not put great effort in discovering what causes the consciousness of our brain which made them superior from the other mind theory. Another advantage functionalism may have over the other theories is its ability to equate conscious states with the functions of our brain, thus functionalism allows examination of our conscious states which plagues other theories. I said that it plagues other theories because they give too much privacy to matters of mind, believing that mind is a private matter and thus cannot be compared to other minds (such as the problem in Cartesian dualism). Functionalism, on the other hand faces no such problems because they give way to analyzing other minds or other experiences. The ability to test things empirically offered by functionalism shows its edge against dualism and the identity theory of the mind. Another advantage functionalism has over dualism and the identity theory of the mind is that the theory of functionalism offers understanding of the mind. However, no matter how great functionalism may be as compared to other mind theories it still has its drawbacks. It does not entirely solve the problems of the mind. Functionalism does not give us a clear explanation of the obvious distinction of the physical and conscious states. Besides, another objection arose from their claim that we can really differentiate one mind from the other. Surely, no one can fully understand how other minds work. Besides different people experiences things differently no matter how alike their experience may seem. For example, I may feel deep depression upon losing a pet but then I cannot really say that the depression Anne felt when she lost her dog is the same as mine, now could I? Thus, no matter how more advantageous functionalism may be over dualism and the identity theory it is still not wise to go on believing functionalism as a whole. One must still see the pros and cons of certain thoughts or theories. REFERENCES: â€Å"Assess functionalism† â€Å"Dualism and Mind† â€Å"Identity Theory† http://www.utm.edu â€Å"Functionalism† http://plato.stanford.edu/entries